Are you allowed in this situation to drive onto the lane by the right edge of the road?

Why?

The lane on the right is separated by a P-3 marking, with the broken line on your side. You may cross it, but when changing lanes you must take particular care, signal in good time and give way to vehicles already in that lane.

P-3 „linia jednostronnie przekraczalna”, § 86 ust. 4; art. 22 ust. 1, 4 i 5 Prawa o ruchu drogowym